At the moment, this project is intended as a quick reference/summary with important details and ADHD content is first to be introduced with some ASD as well. If you would like a comprehensive description for any topics, please use Google to find a full article. This information is not intended as medical advice.
There are NEW topics of interest that are not listed here yet that I have aleady begun to write down and elaborate on. Please visit the Planned Updates page.
ADHD is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent patterns of inattention, hyperactivity, and/or impulsivity that interfere with daily functioning in multiple contexts, such as school, work, or social relationships.
Difficulty paying attention or sustaining focus, Easily distracted by external stimuli, Forgetfulness and losing things, and Difficulty organizing tasks and time.
Excessive fidgeting or movement, Difficulty sitting still, Talking excessively, and Impatience and difficulty waiting.
Acting without thinking, Difficulty controlling impulses, Interrupting others, and Taking unnecessary risks.
Stimulants (e.g., methylphenidate, amphetamine) can improve attention and focus
Behavioral therapies, such as cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT), can help individuals develop coping strategies and improve self-regulation
Exercise, good sleep hygiene, and organizational techniques can support symptom management
ADHD is a chronic condition that typically lasts into adulthood. However, with appropriate treatment and support, individuals with ADHD can manage their symptoms and live fulfilling lives.
RSD is a condition characterized by an extreme sensitivity to perceived or actual rejection. Individuals with RSD experience intense emotional pain, anxiety, and self-doubt in response to criticism, setbacks, or social exclusion.
The exact cause of RSD is not fully understood, but it is believed to be related to a combination of factors, including: Genetic predisposition, Early childhood experiences of rejection, Neurochemical imbalances, and Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
RSD can significantly impact an individual's life, leading to: Social isolation, Relationship difficulties, Academic or career problems, and Depression and anxiety.
RSD is not a recognized mental health diagnosis in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM-5). However, it is a widely discussed and recognized phenomenon among clinicians and researchers.
Stimming, or self-stimulatory behavior, is repetitive and often rhythmic movement or action that can be observed in neurodivergent individuals, such as those with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD).
Sensory regulation:
It can help individuals process and manage sensory overload or understimulation.
Emotional regulation:
Stimming can provide a coping mechanism for anxiety, stress, or excitement.
Focus and attention:
It can help individuals improve concentration and focus.
Communication:
In some cases, stimming can be a form of non-verbal communication, expressing emotions or needs that are difficult to articulate.
It's important to understand that stimming is a normal and often helpful behavior for neurodivergent individuals. It should be respected and not stigmatized. Parents, caregivers, and educators should strive to create a supportive and understanding environment where stimming is allowed and not seen as disruptive or odd.
In such cases, it may be helpful to consult with a healthcare professional to discuss potential underlying issues or strategies for managing stimming behaviors effectively.
(see Fidgeting).
People with ADHD can sometimes appear surprisingly calm in crisis situations due to their brain's tendency to produce more theta waves, which are associated with a relaxed state, allowing them to remain cool and collected when others might be overwhelmed; this is often referred to as a "superpower" of ADHD, making them potentially well-suited for high-pressure environments like emergency medicine or firefighting.
Research suggests that ADHD brains naturally generate more theta waves, which are linked to deep relaxation and a calm state, potentially explaining why some with ADHD can stay composed under stress.
When highly focused on a task during a crisis, individuals with ADHD can tap into a "hyperfocus" mode, allowing them to concentrate intensely on the problem at hand.
The ADHD brain can sometimes be more flexible and adaptable to sudden changes, which can be beneficial in crisis situations where quick decision-making is needed.
While some people with ADHD may thrive in crisis situations, others might still experience significant anxiety or overwhelm depending on the specific circumstances.
Each person with ADHD is unique, and their response to stress will vary based on their individual presentation of the disorder.
Hyperfixation, otherwise known as Hyperfocus, is a phenomenon where individuals with ADHD become intensely focused on a specific activity, interest, or topic for extended periods. This intense focus can lead to:
Individuals may become so engrossed that they lose track of time, neglect other responsibilities, and miss social cues.
Hyperfixation can sometimes lead to bursts of intense productivity and creativity.
It can be challenging to switch focus from the hyperfixation to other tasks or activities.
Hyperfixation can be accompanied by strong emotions, such as excitement, anxiety, or frustration.
Dopamine, a neurotransmitter involved in attention and motivation, may be dysregulated in individuals with ADHD.
ADHD affects executive functions, such as planning, organizing, and time management, which can contribute to difficulty shifting attention.
Hyperfixation may be a response to the rewarding aspects of the activity or interest being focused on.
Hyperfixation can lead to periods of intense productivity and accomplishment.
It can also lead to neglect of other responsibilities, social isolation, and emotional dysregulation.
Set realistic goals and use timers to break up periods of hyperfixation.
Practice switching between different tasks to prevent over-fixation on one activity.
Recognize when hyperfixation is occurring and take steps to interrupt it if necessary.
Cognitive behavioral therapy (CBT) can help individuals develop coping mechanisms and improve their executive functions.
In some cases, medications that stimulate dopamine release may help regulate attention and reduce
(see similar Hyperfixation in Neurodivergent individuals).
For individuals with ADHD, an "interest-driven nervous system" means they find it easier to focus and engage when tasks are personally interesting, novel, challenging, or urgent, rather than solely relying on importance or external pressure.
This concept, often attributed to Dr. William Dodson, suggests that people with ADHD are motivated by their interest in or passion for a task, rather than solely by its perceived importance or potential consequences.
ADHD individuals can exhibit intense focus and dedication, known as hyperfocus, when engaged in tasks that genuinely spark their interest.
Tasks that are interesting, novel, challenging, or urgent tend to capture and sustain the attention of those with ADHD.
Conversely, tasks that lack immediate interest or urgency can become significant hurdles, leading to struggles with routine responsibilities and societal expectations.
Neurotypical individuals may misunderstand this interest-based approach, assuming a lack of interest implies a lack of responsibility or laziness.
Understanding the interest-based nervous system can help individuals with ADHD identify strategies to leverage their strengths and overcome challenges, such as incorporating hobbies and activities they're passionate about into their daily schedule.
Recognizing the interest-based nervous system as a strength, rather than a deficit, can empower individuals with ADHD to find motivation and achieve their goals.
Neurodivergent (ND) individuals often exhibit unique communication patterns, including preferences for direct and literal communication, challenges with nonverbal cues, and potential for repetitive speech, intense focus on specific topics, a tendency to over-explain, and potentially differing from the communication patterns typically considered "normal" in society.
Here's a more detailed breakdown of ND communication patterns:
ND individuals may interpret statements literally, potentially leading to misunderstandings if implicit cues or sarcasm are used. They often communicate directly and clearly, sometimes perceived as blunt by others.
Some ND individuals may exhibit repetitive speech patterns, phrases, or topics of interest, which can be a form of self-expression or comfort.
ND individuals may become intensely focused on specific topics, leading to conversations that are less about social interaction and more about sharing information about their interests (sometimes leading to "info dumping").
Some ND individuals may have sensory processing differences that impact their communication, such as being sensitive to loud noises or bright lights, which can make certain communication environments challenging.
Difficulties with organization, planning, and time management can affect their ability to participate in conversations and follow instructions.
ND individuals may find social interactions and navigating social norms challenging, which can impact their ability to communicate effectively.
It's important to remember that ND individuals are diverse, and their communication styles can vary widely.
To ensure understanding, they might provide excessive details or explanations.
Neurodivergent individuals might find small talk uncomfortable and prefer to discuss meaningful topics.
Impulsivity, a core symptom of ADHD, significantly impacts social interactions, leading to difficulties in turn-taking, interrupting, and understanding social cues, potentially resulting in strained relationships and social isolation.
Here's a more detailed look at how impulsivity affects social interactions in individuals with ADHD:
Individuals with ADHD may struggle to wait their turn in conversations or activities, often interrupting others or blurting out thoughts without considering the context.
Impulsivity can lead to making comments or taking actions that are socially inappropriate or hurtful, damaging relationships and social dynamics.
Individuals with ADHD may have difficulty recognizing or interpreting social cues, leading to misunderstandings and misinterpretations in social interactions.
The challenges in social interactions caused by impulsivity can make it difficult to form and maintain friendships and other relationships.
Due to the difficulties in social interactions, individuals with ADHD may experience social rejection or isolation.
Impulsivity can also lead to difficulties in managing emotions, which can further impact social interactions and relationships.
Inattention, another core symptom of ADHD, can also negatively affect social interactions. People with ADHD may struggle to stay focused during conversations, miss important details, or appear disinterested.
Hyperactivity can also interfere with social interactions, as individuals with ADHD may exhibit high levels of energy and restlessness, which can be overwhelming for others.
May talk too much due to impulsiveness(and impulse control issues), hyperactivity(physical and/or mental), and difficulty inhibiting and controlling responses; Stimulant medications have also been known to cause excessive talking or excessive "walls of text" online; May interrupt others often; May dominate conversations; May be hyperactive and energetic, which can lead to excessive talking; May act, speak, and think impulsively; May blurt out whatever comes to mind without thinking about how it will be received; May miss social cues or overlook responses with others and be lost in thought.
Can leading to:
Often an ADHD mentality will need direct or blunt communication to help them regulate their own behavior to better fit into the conversation whether via text or verbal.
ADHD individuals PREFER direct and blunt communication, thus it is not offensive as would be taken by a non-ADHD individual. Many people with ADHD who have these issues would very much appreciate you helping them regulate and fit into social situations. This is contrary to what is considered "normal" social responses thus often it hurts an ADHD individual when no one understands their need for "support" in social situations often leading to continued social, relationships and friendships difficulties over both the short and long term.
This essentially means you should inform them clearly, directly, bluntly,, and especially literally in a way like this for example: "excuse me soandso, you are talking a bit too much and are dominating the conversation, you are also interrupting a lot. If you don't mind could you please slow down a lot so others have a chance to speak and are more able to take part in the conversation? We would appreciate you if you could try". This approach would work outstanding well and be taken appreciatively by the 'vast majority' of ADHD individuals as it is direct, clearly contains necessary information and instructions, and adds a little bit of a friendly tone to make sure there is no way to misinterprit it to trigger RSD or other emotional triggers that may confuse the instructions. The ADHD individual will see the problem but may have had trouble inhibiting their impulse control without such a direct method of intervention.
Just be direct and open, you don't have to finesse things in fact you shouldn't or sugar coat anything at all. Doing so can make it unclear what is needed because ADHD individuals take communication 'literally' word by word. So if for example you sugar coat something as "talking a little bit too much" they may not think a lot is wrong because the words "a little bit" would be taken literally. Just say "a lot" or "excessively" whatever is literally warranted so they know how much they need to throttle down or slam on their ADHD breaks.
Just be kind, patient, understanding, and don't be rude or offensive in tone or wording because it is not their fault. They don't mean to make things uncomfortable or unpleasant for anyone at all; ADHD and other Neurodivergent individuals simply communicate "differently" (see ND Communication Patterns).The person with ADHD will thank you greatly for the help and understanding... and you may just make a great friend in the process!
Working memory is a cognitive function that allows us to temporarily hold and manipulate information in our minds.Individuals with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) often experience difficulties with working memory.
Stimulant medications, such as methylphenidate (Ritalin) and amphetamine (Adderall), can improve working memory by enhancing attention and focus.
CBT can help individuals with ADHD develop strategies to improve their working memory, such as using mnemonic devices, breaking down tasks into smaller steps, and avoiding distractions.
Using calendars, to-do lists, and other organizational tools can help offload working memory demands.
Reducing distractions, providing quiet spaces for work, and establishing routines can help improve working memory function
ADHD individuals often find themselves talking to someone or assimilating info via any media, it can be anyone at all but a couple examples are their doctor or co-workers and they find themselves listening tinstructions or communications tht they simply don't understand or more accurately they completely miss entirely. In the co-worker example you may keep saying something like "send it to me in an email" or another example is simply saying "can you repeat that please". This happens in a reasonly wide set of "ADHD Communication Difficulties". What is needed here is a workflow or system to assimilate info that works for your brain type.
Difficulties cover a somewhat wide range of issues in this umbrella term but all are essentially rooted in the same concept of difficulty understand communications being relayed by someone else in some form or way.
Receiving communications in a different way can lead to greatly improving how you assimilate information. This varies greatly by individual.
Any and all of the above can be combined in any way that works for your specific Brain needs. It may take time to develop a system that works for you or it may happen in a single day. Don't give up, there is always a way! If not, you can always create a system in the form of an app, service, website, etc that works for you and you have yourself a very promising new business as I am absolutely sure there are others searching for just your kind of system!
Whatever works for you is 100% acceptable no matter how "silly" or "trivial" it seems or sounds in your mind. Don't feel embarrassed, people use all sorts of crazy workflows even Neurotypical individuals have their specific needs. Absolutely ANY Method that works for YOU and provides Results is all that matters.
Remember that ADHD individuals all have good days, average days, and many bad days. Plan your workflow for your bad days using Universal Design principles and you will enhance all your days and whatever system or method works for you will improve your quality of life and ability to understand instructions for work, social, or other environments. Plan ahead.
ADHD, Autistic(ASD) and other Neurodivergent individuals are sigificantly more likely to experience victimization both as children and well into adulthood at any age and at any level in society.
Examples:
No, ignorance is generally not a valid justification for victimization. While individuals may be unaware of certain situations or laws, this lack of knowledge does not excuse them from responsibility or the consequences of their actions. The legal principle "ignorance of the law is no excuse" (ignorantia juris non excusat) underscores this point.
There are some exceptions to the general rule, particularly in cases where ignorance of a specific fact is relevant to a crime. For example, a person might argue that they were not aware of a fact that was crucial to their alleged wrongdoing.
Ignorance can sometimes contribute to victimization, as individuals may be unaware of their rights, or they may be vulnerable to exploitation due to their lack of knowledge or understanding. However, ignorance is not a justification for the actions of the person causing the harm.
Ignorance can sometimes contribute to victimization, as individuals may be unaware of their rights, or they may be vulnerable to exploitation due to their lack of knowledge or understanding. However, ignorance is not a justification for the actions of the person causing the harm.
Ignorance can also have broader societal impacts, as it can lead to a lack of understanding and empathy for others, potentially contributing to discrimination and abuse.
Source Google AI Overview
Victimization can be seen as someone leading into situations you do not understand, you do not want to be a part of. It can also be seen as leading you on through periods of your life in such as that you are a "zombie"(as many ADHD people refer to it) being led from situation(large or small) through your entire life without "understanding" why you feel "different" or "broken". Even worse, others may simply tell you what they think is wrong with you, what you "are" and/or simply that you are "sick" or "not well", and you come to believe it or accept it blindly especially if indoctrinated into this mindset as a young child.
You can even seek out help from professionals like doctors only to be misdiasnosed repeated or even outright abused. It is the belief of many that ignorance is not an excuse for victimizing someone, meaning because someone doesn't know you have ADHD or understand ADHD at all, doesn't mean it is not vitimization in the same way that someone who doesn't know they are breaking the law is still responsible for their actions and breaking the law.
The almost the entirety of properly "Medicated" ADHD individuals will agree, a person with ADHD needs to get diagnosed AND medicated as early in life as possible.
Until then you are essentially in a permanent state of emergency depending on the environment and RANDOM variables... or as mentioned above a "zombie" essentially being led by one person to the next. This leaves an ADHD individual at a constant risk of victimization and leaves the chance of getting properly diagnosed and medicated up to pure chance encounters with someone who may see and recognize the symptoms.
Unfortunately it has to be mentioned that this includes parents/guardians/caregivers who may be having life difficultiues as they often have these days have, be uninformed about ADHD, or simply have toio many things on their plate to notice.
So as you see there is a great amount of pure random chance involved in getting someone with ADHD who's brain is effective not fully functional the treatment they don't know they need.
Now understand, a person with ADHD will have a near impossible time figuring this out early on. Despite being as problem solver brain. Luckily however, with their problem solver brain, given enough time, typically many years... it is almost 100% certain they will indeed figure it out on their own and self diagnose and seek out a doctor like a pediatric/family doctor or psychiatrist and try to explain it to what is hopefully a semi compitent doctor.
Being diagnosed later in life is extremely detrimental to a person with ADHD and medicated ADHD individuals all always agree... we wish we hadn't lost that time, all look back in hindsight and wish we were diagnosed earlier than we were save for the luckier among us who actually were.
It's Worth Noting that Women are more likely than men to get diagnosed later in life for ADHD.
Almost no person with ADHD can help themselves get diagnosed early and treated without the help of others early in life when it is the most critical. Early in life being defined here as between ages 9 and 15 generally with some variance upward of that.
Many individuals spend far more years or decades after their teen years struggling and wondering what is wrong and never quite adding up the admittedly confusing and large amounts of ADHD symptoms. And it isn't just about symptoms. A person with ADHD is not broken, they simply need control of their ADHD or brain that is all. They are still an ADHD individual, their entire nervous system and brain work as an ADHD person. It won't be until they figure it out and seek treatment or someone suggests it to them and they take it seriously that it will then eventually lead to a profoundly life changing event and experience.
Many people, not just those with ADHD, have a dubious, unfavorable, or even grim view of psychiatry because of being repeatedly misdiagnosed, having no results for years, to simply having been abused in various ways. That said, psychiatrists aren't the only ones responsible for victimization.
"Accepting a detailed step by step communications but not understanding the entirety of the communication or what is being communicated when put as a whole."
This can and does lead to many forms of ADHD victimization, descrimination, abuse and have many negative consequinces towards individuals who never even understood what was happening as it happened.
Is this not the literal what happens during certain victimization? whether a person knows you are ADHD/ASD/Neurodivergent does not exempt them from being responsible for their actions. (see Legally Ignorance is NOT an excuse for Victimization)
Continuing with the Examples of ADHD Communication Difficulties leading us to various forms of VictimizationADHD Brains simply don't work that way typically. There is too little information and it is purposely broken down into too many pieces for Neurotypical linear assimilation. ADHD Brains sometimes need a lot of precise detailed information, while some situations require simplicity and direct to the point (example, "I want to write a paper so I will need something to write with and paper of some kind if you don't mind." may be confusing to some, when an ADHD Brain simply needs direct instructions such as "I need a blue ink pen, 20 sheets of copy papers please."
“ND Communication Patterns” refers to the unique communication styles often exhibited by neurodivergent individuals, which can include characteristics like directness, literal interpretation of language, focused discussions on specific interests, and a tendency to over-explain, potentially differing from the communication patterns typically considered "normal" in society; essentially, it means how people who are neurodivergent tend to communicate differently than neurotypical people.
Neurodivergent people may take language very literally, struggling with sarcasm, metaphors, and subtle social cues.
They often communicate directly and clearly, sometimes perceived as blunt by others.
Conversations may frequently revolve around specific topics of intense personal interest, sometimes leading to "info dumping".
Neurodivergent individuals might find small talk uncomfortable and prefer to discuss meaningful topics.
Sensory overload can affect communication, causing distractions or discomfort with certain environments.
To ensure understanding, they might provide excessive details or explanations.
Not all neurodivergent people communicate the same way, and their communication styles can vary based on their specific neurodivergence and personal experiences.
Understanding neurotypical communication pattems is important for better interaction with neurodivergent individuals.
When interacting with someone who is neurodivergent, it's crucial to be patient, ask clarifying questions, and avoid assumptions about their intentions.
This site is a massive work in progress(WIP) and this quick summary list will eventually be removed entirely as it will be redundant too. For now I have it here as a sort of To-Do reminder for myself but also a quick reference for anyone who happens to visit and wants to skim the original information compiled for the topics here and below here. Some stuff listed here are redundant and need to be combined into other appropriate main topics and/or eliminated due to duplication. Anything not here has been removed already, but I have decided to begin just using strikethrough to denote being eliminated rather than just deleting for now.
I am basically taking a huge list of combined topics I am knowledgable about with a huge list of internet information on Neurodiversity and am cleaning it up based on massive personal experience. I am 1% done with this website. =p yes I know the navigation needs recoding and redone. It is a ton of information. I am only 1 person, and I have ADHD and MOST of the things written here I have full load of symptoms! ADHD over explanation in effect here.
td;lr this list and things under this may be misleading and have duplicates phrased as if they are different symptoms. I will clean all of it up as time/motivation/meds permit.
“ND Communication Patterns” refers to the unique communication styles often exhibited by neurodivergent individuals, which can include characteristics like directness, literal interpretation of language, focused discussions on specific interests, and a tendency to over-explain, potentially differing from the communication patterns typically considered "normal" in society; essentially, it means how people who are neurodivergent tend to communicate differently than neurotypical people.
ABC can, leading to:
(more details AI Overview Image).
Difficulty identifying and naming feelings
Neurodevelopmental disorder
A chronic condition including attention difficulty, hyperactivity, and impulsiveness. ADHD often begins in childhood and can persist into adulthood. It may contribute to low self-esteem, troubled relationships, and difficulty at school or work.
Symptoms may include extreme difficulty concentrating, restlessness, impulsivity, trouble completing tasks, and difficulty managing emotions.
Treatments include medication, therapy, education, skills training, and psychological counseling.
Primary care provider, Psychiatrist, Psychologist
Attention-related phenomenon
Hyperfixation is an intense fixation on certain activities, interests or concepts for extended periods of time. It's common in people with ADHD and autism spectrum disorder.
Signs include losing track of time, forgetting to eat or sleep, difficulty switching tasks, and becoming emotionally invested in the object of fixation.
Strategies include setting timers, practicing mindfulness, creating transition rituals, and building breaks into activities.
Unlike hyperfocus which is shorter-term, hyperfixation can last days, weeks or months and often involves emotional attachment to the subject.
Cognitive process impairment
Executive dysfunction refers to difficulties with planning, organization, time management, and other cognitive processes essential for goal-directed behavior.
Symptoms include difficulty initiating tasks, problems with working memory, trouble organizing thoughts, poor time management, and challenges with self-regulation.
Helpful approaches include breaking tasks into smaller steps, using external organization tools, establishing routines, and implementing body-doubling techniques.
Executive dysfunction is common in ADHD, autism spectrum disorder, depression, anxiety disorders, and after traumatic brain injuries.